China Zhenglan Cable Technology Co., Ltd Company News

3. Performance Characteristics (I) Electrical Conductivity: Oxygen-free copper has the best electrical conductivity, followed by low-oxygen copper, and electrolytic copper is slightly inferior. This is because the presence of oxygen and other impurities increases electron scattering, leading to increased resistance.(II) Mechanical Properties: Oxygen-free copper has good ductility and toughness, and a soft texture. The mechanical properties of low-oxygen copper are similar to those of oxygen-free copper, but slightly inferior. The mechanical properties of electrolytic copper vary depending on the type and content of impurities. Generally speaking, higher impurity content may increase its strength, but reduce its toughness and ductility.(III) Corrosion Resistance: Oxygen-free copper and low-oxygen copper have better corrosion resistance because their low oxygen content makes oxidation less likely. However, the presence of certain impurities in electrolytic copper may affect its corrosion resistance under certain conditions. 4. Application Areas: Oxygen-free copper: Commonly used in applications requiring extremely high conductivity and purity, such as high-end electronics, aerospace, and precision instruments. It is also used in the manufacture of specialized wires and cables, such as audio cables and radio frequency cables.Low-oxygen copper: Widely used in the wire and cable industry, it is a common material for manufacturing conventional power cables and communication cables. It is also used in some electrical equipment with certain requirements for conductivity and mechanical properties. Electrolytic copper: One of the most common copper materials, it is widely used in the construction, power, electronics, and machinery manufacturing industries, such as in the manufacture of wires, cables, busbars, and transformer windings. It can also be used as a raw material for other copper alloys.

The Difference Between Oxygen-Free Copper, Low-Oxygen Copper, and Electrolytic Copper: 1. Purity: Oxygen-free copper: Extremely pure, typically with an oxygen content below 20 ppm, minimal impurities, and a copper content exceeding 99.99%. Low-Oxygen Copper: Oxygen content is generally around 200-400 ppm, slightly lower in purity than oxygen-free copper. Electrolytic Copper: Higher in purity, reaching 99.95%-99.98%, but still contains a certain amount of oxygen and other impurities such as lead, bismuth, and antimony. 2. Production Process: Oxygen-free copper: Typically produced using the top-draw or continuous casting and rolling methods, strictly controlling oxygen content during production and utilizing specialized smelting equipment and processes to ensure copper purity and performance. Low-Oxygen Copper: Typically produced using the continuous casting and rolling process, with relatively loose control over oxygen content during production. Targeted performance requirements are achieved through controlled oxygen content during the smelting process and the use of additives. Electrolytic copper: Produced through electrolytic refining, using crude copper as the anode and pure copper as the cathode, electrolysis occurs in a copper sulfate electrolyte. Impurities in the crude copper are removed during the electrolysis process, resulting in high-purity electrolytic copper.

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1. Rules for Cable Length Calculation During cable installation, whether routed through conduits or cable trays, cables are not installed in a fully taut condition. Allowances must be made for slack, waveform curvature and crossings. According to calculation specifications, the laying allowance factor is 2.5%. Total cable length = (Total straight cable length + Reserve lengths) × 1.025 2. Calculation of Reserve Lengths Note: Additional and reserve lengths form an integral part of installed cable length and shall be included in the measured quantity. In other words, the extra length for laying slack, waveform curvature and crossings shall be calculated based on the sum of horizontal & vertical routing lengths shown on drawings plus all applicable reserve lengths. 01. Cable slack, waveform curvature and crossings An allowance factor of 2.5% shall be applied to the overall length to account for cable slack, waveform curvature and crossings. 02. Cables entering buildings For external cables along municipal roads (or traffic safety engineering cables) entering a site, a minimum reserve of 2 m shall be considered. 03. Cables entering trenches or cable hangers Minimum vertical lead-in / lead-out reserve: 1.5 m where cables enter trenches or hangers. 04. Incoming and outgoing cables at substations Minimum reserve: 1.5 m. 05. Cable terminations Minimum reserve of 1.5 m for power cable terminations for maintenance purposes. 06. Cable intermediate joints A reserve of 2 m shall be left at each side of every cable joint box for maintenance. 07. Cables entering control panels, protection panels, mimic panels, distribution boxes, etc. The reserve length equals the perimeter half of the panel / box face (height + width). 08. High-voltage switchgear and low-voltage distribution panels / boxes For cables routed in and out below panels, a reserve of 2 m shall be provided. 09. Cables to motors Starting from the motor terminal box, add a reserve of 0.5 m. 10. Station service transformers A reserve of 3 m measured from finished floor level. 11. Cables routed around beams, columns and other structures Additional length shall be calculated according to the cross-section dimensions of the structures bypassed. 12. Elevator cables fixed to cable brackets A reserve of 0.5 m at each fixing point

1. Rules for Cable Length Calculation During cable installation, whether routed through conduits or cable trays, cables are not installed in a fully taut condition. Allowances must be made for slack, waveform curvature and crossings. According to calculation specifications, the laying allowance factor is 2.5%. Total cable length = (Total straight cable length + Reserve lengths) × 1.025 2. Calculation of Reserve Lengths Note: Additional and reserve lengths form an integral part of installed cable length and shall be included in the measured quantity. In other words, the extra length for laying slack, waveform curvature and crossings shall be calculated based on the sum of horizontal & vertical routing lengths shown on drawings plus all applicable reserve lengths. 01. Cable slack, waveform curvature and crossings An allowance factor of 2.5% shall be applied to the overall length to account for cable slack, waveform curvature and crossings. 02. Cables entering buildings For external cables along municipal roads (or traffic safety engineering cables) entering a site, a minimum reserve of 2 m shall be considered. 03. Cables entering trenches or cable hangers Minimum vertical lead-in / lead-out reserve: 1.5 m where cables enter trenches or hangers. 04. Incoming and outgoing cables at substations Minimum reserve: 1.5 m. 05. Cable terminations Minimum reserve of 1.5 m for power cable terminations for maintenance purposes. 06. Cable intermediate joints A reserve of 2 m shall be left at each side of every cable joint box for maintenance. 07. Cables entering control panels, protection panels, mimic panels, distribution boxes, etc. The reserve length equals the perimeter half of the panel / box face (height + width). 08. High-voltage switchgear and low-voltage distribution panels / boxes For cables routed in and out below panels, a reserve of 2 m shall be provided. 09. Cables to motors Starting from the motor terminal box, add a reserve of 0.5 m. 10. Station service transformers A reserve of 3 m measured from finished floor level. 11. Cables routed around beams, columns and other structures Additional length shall be calculated according to the cross-section dimensions of the structures bypassed. 12. Elevator cables fixed to cable brackets A reserve of 0.5 m at each fixing point

Aluminum conductor aluminum alloy reinforced (ACAR) is a composite conductor that uses a high-strength aluminum alloy core instead of a steel core, with an outer layer of highly conductive aluminum strands. Its core advantages lie in reducing resistance loss and vertical load. Its main drawbacks are lower tensile strength compared to steel core aluminum stranded wire and a larger wind deflection angle in strong winds.   Main Advantages: Energy Saving and Consumption Reduction: Replacing the steel core (with a conductivity of only ~9% IACS) with an aluminum alloy core (with a conductivity of approximately 52.5%~53%) increases the effective conductive cross-section, significantly reducing DC resistance and minimizing line power loss. Superior Sag Characteristics: Under the same outer diameter and tension conditions, sag is smaller or comparable, which helps reduce tower height requirements (approximately 3 meters in some projects). Lightweight and Low Load: With a lower density than steel core structures, the vertical load is reduced by approximately 10%, making it more stress-friendly for foundations and tower materials, suitable for capacity expansion or geologically restricted areas. No Hysteresis/Eddy Current Loss: The core is made of non-ferromagnetic material, eliminating the additional losses caused by the alternating magnetic field of a steel core. Good Corrosion Resistance:The aluminum alloy core is more resistant to atmospheric corrosion than galvanized steel cores, exhibiting excellent lifespan, especially in non-extremely polluted areas.   Main Disadvantages: Lower Mechanical Strength: Its tensile strength is lower than that of aluminum-coated steel (ACSR), making it unsuitable for applications requiring extremely high tensile strength, such as long crossings or heavy icing areas. Larger Wind Deflection Angle: Due to its light weight and relatively low stiffness, the wind deflection angle is 2°~3° larger than that of aluminum-coated steel of the same specifications under high wind conditions, requiring calibration of electrical clearances. Higher Cost: The cost of aluminum alloy materials and manufacturing processes is higher than that of ordinary steel cores, resulting in slightly higher initial investment. Limited Heat Resistance: The heat resistance temperature of conventional aluminum alloy cores typically does not exceed 80~100℃ (unless a special heat-resistant alloy is used), limiting the improvement of high-temperature current carrying capacity. Recommended Application Scenarios Recommended: Capacity upgrades and renovations of existing power lines, medium-span high-voltage transmission lines, corrosive environments (excluding strong salt spray), and lines sensitive to line loss. Use with Caution: Long crossings, heavy icing areas, strong wind areas, or ultra-high-voltage trunk lines with extremely high mechanical strength requirements.